How we work.
A documented process from the first confidential conversation to the final report. Each stage is recorded, so that every conclusion can be traced back to its evidence.
Five stages, from question to answer.
Every engagement follows the same sequence. The scope and depth of each stage depend on the question, but no stage is skipped.
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01Stage one
Initial confidential consultation
A first conversation, in confidence and without obligation. We listen to the question, explain what research can and cannot establish, and tell you plainly if we are not the right firm for the work.
You receiveAn initial view of whether and how we can help.
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02Stage two
Scoping
We agree the question, the scope, the sources to be used, the standard of evidence and the format of the final product. Conflict checks are completed before any work begins.
You receiveWritten terms of reference and a proposal setting out timing and fees.
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03Stage three
Investigation
A small team carries out the research, using records, documents, open sources and, where appropriate, interviews. Every source is logged and every item of evidence is preserved as it is found.
You receiveProgress updates at the points agreed during scoping.
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04Stage four
Verification
Findings are tested against independent sources. Each conclusion is graded for confidence, and the work is reviewed by a researcher who did not carry it out.
You receiveA verified evidence base, ready to report.
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05Stage five
Final report and briefing
We deliver a written report setting out findings, sources, confidence and limitations, and brief you on it in person or remotely. We remain available to answer questions afterwards.
You receiveThe report, its source annex and a briefing.
Standards that apply at every stage.
Confidentiality, documentation and evidence standards are not separate steps. They govern how the work is done from beginning to end.
Confidentiality
Engagements are compartmented. Client identities and material are available only to the people working on the matter, and are held on secured systems.
Documentation
Every source, request and finding is logged as the work proceeds. The record shows how each conclusion was reached, and can be reviewed.
Evidence standards
Conclusions are corroborated where possible, graded for confidence and reviewed before delivery. Limitations are stated, not hidden.
How findings are graded.
Every finding in our reports carries a stated level of confidence, so that readers can see at once what is established and what is not. These are the levels we use.
| Level | What it means | Typical basis |
|---|---|---|
| Confirmed | Established by two or more independent, reliable sources, or by an authoritative primary record. | Official records, corroborated documents, consistent independent testimony |
| Probable | Supported by credible evidence, with no reliable evidence to the contrary, but not independently confirmed. | A reliable source and consistent circumstantial evidence |
| Possible | Consistent with the available evidence, but resting on a single source or on inference. | Single-source reporting, reasoned inference |
| Unverified | Reported or alleged, but not supported by evidence we could test. Included only where relevant to the question. | Allegation, rumour, untested claims |
Common questions.
Will anyone know that we have instructed you?
No. We do not name clients or discuss engagements. Within the firm, a client's identity is known only to the people working on the matter.
Can you work under the direction of our lawyers?
Yes. Engagements for legal and corporate clients can be structured so that we are instructed by, and report to, counsel.
What if the findings are not what we expected?
We report what the evidence shows. We will not adjust findings to suit an expected outcome, and we decline work where one is required. That is what makes our reports worth relying on.
Which methods do you not use?
We do not use deception to obtain personal data, access accounts or systems without authorisation, intercept communications, or use any method that is unlawful where the work is carried out.
How are fees and timing set?
Each engagement is scoped individually. Once the question and scope are agreed, we send a written proposal setting out fees and timing before any work begins.
Which regions do you cover?
We work internationally. Our regional practice covers Russia, Central Asia, the South Caucasus and the wider Eurasian region, working in the original languages and records. See Regions for detail.
Do you publish or share what you find?
No. Our research belongs to the client who commissioned it. We do not publish client work, and we do not pass material to the media or to anyone else.
Start with a confidential consultation.
Tell us what you need to know. A first conversation is confidential and without obligation.